Akoonu
Awọnawọn hydroxides abajade lati apapọ ti a ohun elo afẹfẹ (tun npe ni awọn ipilẹ oxides) ati omi. Ni ọna yii, akopọ ti hydroxides ni a fun nipasẹ awọn eroja mẹta: atẹgun, hydrogen ati irin ti o wa ninu ibeere. Ni apapọ, irin nigbagbogbo ṣe bi cation ati eroja ẹgbẹ hydroxide n ṣiṣẹ bi anion.
Hydroxides ni apapọ pin nọmba kan ti awọn abuda, gẹgẹ bi nini itọwo kikorò bi ọṣẹ, jijẹ lọra si ifọwọkan, jijẹ ibajẹ, nini diẹ ninu awọn ohun elo ifọṣọ ati awọn ohun ọṣẹ, tituka awọn epo ati imi -ọjọ, ati ṣiṣe pẹlu awọn acids lati gbe awọn iyọ jade.
Ni ida keji, diẹ ninu awọn abuda jẹ pato si iru omi hydroxide kọọkan, gẹgẹbi iṣuu soda, eyiti o yara gba carbon dioxide ati omi; ti kalisiomu ti a gba ni iṣesi ti oxide kalisiomu pẹlu omi; tabi irin (II) eyiti o jẹ aisedeede ninu omi.
Kini wọn lo fun?
Awọn ohun elo ti hydroxides tun yatọ laarin awọn ọran oriṣiriṣi:
- Awọn iṣuu soda hydroxide, fun apẹẹrẹ, ni nkan ṣe pẹlu ile -iṣẹ ti ọṣẹ ati ẹwa ati awọn ọja itọju ara.
- Awọn kalisiomu hydroxideFun apakan rẹ, o ni ipa agbedemeji ni diẹ ninu awọn ilana bii gbigba kaboneti soda.
- Awọn litiumu hydroxide O ti lo ni iṣelọpọ awọn ohun elo amọ, lakoko ti a lo iṣuu magnẹsia bi antacid tabi laxative.
- Awọn irin hydroxide Wọn lo ninu ilana ti awọn irugbin gbin.
Awọn orukọ iyasọtọ
Bi fun ọpọlọpọ awọn akojọpọ kemikali, awọn orukọ oriṣiriṣi wa fun awọn hydroxides:
- Awọn ibile nomenclature, fun apẹẹrẹ, o jẹ ọkan ti o bẹrẹ pẹlu ọrọ hydroxide ti o tẹle nkan ṣugbọn ṣe akiyesi valence pẹlu eyiti o ṣe: nigbati o wa pẹlu ọkan valence ipari 'ico' yoo ṣee lo, nigbati wọn ba wa pẹlu meji yoo jẹ ẹni ti o ni opin ti o ga julọ ti o pari 'agbateru' ati ẹni ti o ni opin kekere pẹlu 'ico', ati nigbati o ṣiṣẹ pẹlu awọn ifipamọ mẹta tabi mẹrin, ibẹrẹ 'hiccup' tabi 'per' yoo tun ṣafikun bi ọran naa le jẹ.
- Awọn Iṣiro nomenclature jẹ ọkan ti o nlo ọrọ hydroxide, ṣugbọn dipo ki o ni ibamu pẹlu ọrọ kan, o nlo iṣipopada 'ti' ati lẹhinna irin, fifi awọn ifipamọ sinu awọn akọmọ.
- Awọn ifiorukosile ifinufindo o jẹ ọkan ti o ṣapejuwe awọn asọtẹlẹ nọmba si ọrọ hydroxide.
Awọn apẹẹrẹ ti hydroxides
- Asiwaju (II) hydroxide, Pb (OH)2, asiwaju dihydroxide.
- Platinum (IV) hydroxide, Pt (OH)4, Pilatnomu quadhydroxide.
- Vanadic hydroxide, V (OH)4, vanadium tetrahydroxide.
- Ferrous hydroxide, Fe (OH)2, irin dihydroxide.
- Asiwaju (IV) hydroxide, Pb (OH) 4, asiwaju tetrahydroxide.
- Silver hydroxide, AgOH, hydroxide fadaka.
- Cobalt Hydroxide, Co (OH)2, koluboti dihydroxide.
- Manganese hydroxide, Mn (OH)3, manganese trihydroxide.
- Ferric hydroxide, Fe (OH)3, irin trihydroxide.
- Cupric hydroxide, Cu (OH)2, Ejò dihydroxide.
- Aluminiomu hydroxide, Al (OH)3, aluminiomu trihydroxide.
- Iṣuu soda hydroxide, NaOH, hydroxide soda.
- Strontium hydroxide, Sr (OH)2, strontium dihydroxide.
- Magnesium hydroxide, Mg (OH)2, magnẹsia dihydroxide.
- Ammonium hydroxide, NH4OH, ammonium hydroxide.
- Cadmium hydroxide, CD (OH)2, cadmium dihydroxide.
- Vanadic hydroxide, V (OH)3, vanadium trihydroxide.
- Mercuric hydroxide, Hg (OH)2, Makiuri dihydroxide.
- Cuprous hydroxide, CuOH, hydroxide Ejò.
- Litiumu hydroxide, LiOH, litiumu hydroxide.
Nigba miiran, hydroxides ni awọn orukọ ti o wọpọ ti a fun nipasẹ awọn lilo aṣa wọn diẹ sii, gẹgẹ bi iṣuu soda hydroxide eyiti a tun pe ni soda caustic, potasiomu hydroxide eyiti a pe ni potash caustic, kalisiomu hydroxide eyiti a pe ni omi orombo wewe tabi orombo wewe, ati iṣuu magnẹsia ni a npe ni wara ti magnesia.
- Tẹle pẹlu: Awọn apẹẹrẹ ti hydroxides (salaye)
